A fresh take on risk and valuation
The NDoD is expected to increase the comparability of risk parameters and own funds requirements, particularly for those financial institutions already applying the IRB method. It will also impact the own funds requirements under both the IRB Approach and the Standardized Approach. Depending on the high gaps between the institutions’ current definition and the new one, the effect may be considerable. Given the magnitude of effort banks are expected to put into integrating the new rules of default identification and exit into their internal procedures and IT systems, the deadline of 1st January 2021 is challenging.
ReadThis expert article on the 2018 Solvency II review consists of a high level summary of the Solvency II review and a table providing a detailed overview of all changes brought about by this 2018 Solvency II review.
ReadThis blog post dives deeper into the topic of Adjustment for the loss-absorbing capacity of deferred taxes.
ReadThis Expert input discusses reverse stress testing. A type of stress testing that does not ask what the results of certain pre-defined shocks are going to be, but rather, what shocks would have to happen in order for a pre-defined scenario to occur. The reverse stress testing is a tool complementing the normal stress tests, very much required by the regulators. Nevertheless, it is seldom addressed by official documents and serves like a bit of an enigma, even to the institutions that are legally obliged to conduct it. This expert input does not only discuss the regulatory requirements inherent to the stress testing, but also, how Finalyse typically sets to carry out the reverse stress testing.
ReadThe regulation of SFTs has been with us since late 2015. By far its most challenging part, however, the reporting has not yet come into play as many of its aspects had to be further specified by RTSs and ITSs. With these technical standards suddenly reappearing in the mid 2018 and on course of being implemented, this expert input gives a broad overview of SFTR in its entirety and delves deeper into the novel reporting obligations, which it compares with the reporting obligations under EMIR. It discusses the main challenges of implementing the reporting standards, particularly for the institutions that have no prior experience with reporting under EMIR.
ReadThis Expert input is a follow-up to a previous expert input on finalising Basel III, this time with a focus on operational risk – an unsung villain of risk management. It gives a brief overview of the history of operational risk management and shows how exactly the crisis motivated a multitude of measurement approaches at the beginning (AMA) in particular, and their subsequent standardisation in Standardised Measurement Approach (AMA). There is a detailed outline of how the AMA formula works and a short discourse on output floor.
ReadThis expert input addresses the independent valuation of structured products, and particularly of OTC derivatives. It explains for what reasons and under what conditions independent valuation is necessary and lists all other potential advantages of performing valuation independently. It further reveals how valuation is generally performed and all the necessary steps that need to be taken in order to make sure that the valuation is the best possible and unbiased estimate of the value of the assets. It shows the greatest challenges in valuation and how we, in Finalyse, seek to address them.
ReadThis is an extensive overview of most of the major changes to Basel II since its original publication. It focuses particularly on the changes brought about by the December 2017 release, especially on credit risk and RWA, changes to both standardised and IRB approaches of calculating RWA and whether the latter is allowed to be used or not. It also discusses the floored inputs. The next section discusses Market Risk and consequently FRTB. It gives a summary of the fundamental changes and then dwells deeper into the specific changes in standardised approach and internal models approach. The last part focuses on Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book – more specifically on the governance, measuring and modelling of the IR risk and changes to the disclosure requirements. This paper does not address Operational risk as it is addressed elsewhere.
ReadThis article – a courtesy of our partners from Clearstream, focuses on collateral management as a part of derivatives trading, in light of the adoption of EMIR. It discusses the general landscape of markets in OTC and non-OTC derivatives, as well as the main collateral related topics – variation margin and initial margin, but also challenges in exchanging collaterals. There is a sizable list of suggestions on how to deal with said challenges and how to generally move in this landscape and how to navigate the regulatory requirements as well as scramble for liquidity. It ends with a short note on TARGET-2 and the way it has helped to simplify the collateral challenge.
ReadThis Expert input delves into the new EBA definition of default that will apply as of January 2021. It examines who is going to be most impacted by the change and what is going to be the difference in the impact on institutions that use the IRB approach versus institutions that use the Standardised approach. It looks at the most substantial changes in the new definition – like the differences in unlikeliness to pay, past due criterion and the criteria for return to the non-defaulted status. Lastly, it addresses briefly the challenges related to the use of external data – particularly for those institutions that use IRB only.
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